Gait in pelvic limb injuries
By conducting a thorough analysis using the above parameters, hydrotherapists and veterinarians can gain valuable insights into the dog’s gait mechanics, identify any gait abnormalities, and design appropriate rehabilitation or treatment plans to improve the dog’s mobility and overall well-being. Stage 1 – Initial Stage of Recovery In this stage, the dog shows no pelvic […]
How pain affects gait
Pain can significantly impact a dog’s gait and biomechanics, leading to noticeable changes in how they move and walk. Gait refers to the pattern of movement of the limbs during locomotion, and biomechanics involve the study of forces and mechanics related to the dog’s body during motion. When a dog experiences pain, it alters its […]
Assessing Posture
Reasons to assess a dog’s posture Identification of Musculoskeletal Issues: Evaluating a dog’s posture can help identify any musculoskeletal abnormalities or potential health issues. Abnormal postures, such as kyphosis, lordosis, or improper limb positioning, can indicate underlying problems that need attention. Early Detection of Pain and Discomfort: Dogs may subtly adjust their posture to compensate […]
Gait Analysis
Gait Phases In hydrotherapy for small animals, understanding the phases of gait is essential for assessing and improving their movement patterns. Each phase plays a crucial role in the overall gait cycle and can provide valuable insights into the animal’s mobility and potential issues that need to be addressed. Stance Phase The stance phase is […]
Muscle Contractions
Isometric Muscle Contraction Imagine doing a strength exercise where you hold a position without any movement. In isometric muscle contraction, the joint angle and muscle length remain the same during the exercise. For instance, when performing weight shifting exercises or leg lifts, you engage in isometric muscle contractions. To encourage isometric contractions on a specific […]
Interaction between muscles and the skeleton
The interaction between muscles and the skeleton is a fundamental aspect of the musculoskeletal system that enables animals to perform various movements and functions. The next few pages will explore the key components involved in this interaction, including muscles, tendons, collagen fibres, extension/flexion, antagonistic pairs, the functions of major muscles, and how movement is created […]
Gait Terminology
In hydrotherapy for small animals, a specific set of terms is used to describe various aspects of movement, body positioning, and therapeutic actions performed during treatment. Understanding this terminology is crucial for hydrotherapists to accurately assess and address the needs of their patients. Limb Movement Terminology Lateral Rotation: Refers to the movement of the hip […]
Soft Tissue Function
The canine and feline bodies, much like their human counterparts, are intricately organised systems composed of different types of tissues that collectively enable life and support vital functions. Understanding these tissues is crucial for comprehending how their bodies function, how diseases may manifest, and how medical interventions can be tailored for optimal care. In this […]
Respiratory System
The respiratory system in dogs is a complex network of organs and tissues responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. It plays a crucial role in providing oxygen to cells and removing waste gases, ensuring the proper functioning of various physiological processes. Key components of the respiratory system in dogs […]
Circulatory / Vascular System
This system is made up of the heart, the blood vessels, the blood and the lymphatic system. The Heart The heart can be described as a powerful muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It is a vital component of the circulatory system, ensuring the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and other essential substances […]
Skeletal Muscles
The muscular system encompasses all the skeletal muscles in the body. These muscles are attached to the skeleton and are under voluntary control, meaning we can consciously control their movement. Skeletal muscle, the most prominent type, is responsible for moving and stabilising the skeleton. It consists of elongated cells or fibres arranged parallel to each […]
Nervous System Insights
Complexity The human nervous system is incredibly complex, with an estimated 100 billion neurons and trillions of connections, known as synapses, between them. Speed Nervous system impulses travel at an astonishing speed of up to 268 miles per hour. Brain’s Power The human brain has an incredible processing power, capable of performing around 100,000 trillion […]
The Nervous System
The nervous system plays a crucial role in an animal’s ability to respond to both external stimuli and internal changes within its body. It is divided into two main components: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The Central Nervous System (CNS) is a complex network of nerve tissues that govern […]
Understanding Bones
There are several types of bones based on their shapes and functions in the body: Long Bones These bones are longer than they are wide and have a shaft (main part) with variable endings, depending on the joints they form. Long bones are slightly curved, which enhances their mechanical strength. Examples of long bones include […]
The Skeletal Structure
The skeletal system is categorised into three main parts, each with its distinct functions: The Axial Skeleton This segment spans from the skull to the tip of the tail and includes vital structures such as the skull, mandible, vertebrae, and sternum. It forms the central axis of the body, providing support and protection to vital […]
Directional Terminology
Directional terms are crucial in canine anatomy and physiology to precisely describe the location, orientation, and movement of various structures within the dog’s body. These terms provide a standardised language that allows veterinarians, veterinary technicians, researchers, and pet owners to communicate effectively and accurately when discussing canine anatomy and physiological processes Term Description Anterior (Cranial) […]
Managing People In A Hydrotherapy Environment
Let’s consider the factors that affect hydrotherapists working in aquatic environments: Humidity Aquatic environments often have higher humidity levels due to the water’s evaporation. Hydrotherapists may need to adjust their clothing and equipment to ensure comfort while conducting sessions. Humidity can also affect the clarity of communication between therapists and clients, prompting therapists to use […]
Clinical Reasoning For Hydrotherapy
Clinical reasoning refers to the process by which healthcare professionals, including hydrotherapists, gather and assess information to make informed decisions about patient care. It involves analysing various factors, such as the dog’s medical history, physical examination findings, treatment goals, and response to previous therapies. Clinical reasoning plays a crucial role in hydrotherapy treatment choices as […]
Managing a Hydrotherapy Session
Managing a hydrotherapy session involves careful planning, execution, and follow-up to ensure the safety, comfort, and effectiveness of the treatment for the canine patient. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to manage the hydrotherapy session before, during, and after treatment: Before the Hydrotherapy Session Client Assessment and Consultation Obtain relevant information from the client about […]
Hydrotherapy Equipment
The items and equipment required for canine hydrotherapy can vary depending on the specific type of hydrotherapy (e.g., pool-based or water treadmill) and the facility’s offerings. However, here is a general list of essential items and equipment commonly used in canine hydrotherapy: Hydrotherapy Pool or Water Treadmill A hydrotherapy pool with adjustable water levels or […]
Cautions and Contraindications of Hydrotherapy
A contraindication in the context of hydrotherapy treatment refers to a specific medical condition, circumstance, or factor that makes hydrotherapy unsafe or inappropriate for a particular patient. Patients with contraindications should not undergo hydrotherapy as it may exacerbate their condition or pose a risk to their health. A caution for hydrotherapy treatment indicates a situation […]
Importance of SOAP notes
Record keeping is an essential aspect of effective patient care in hydrotherapy. SOAP notes are a standardised method for organising patient information and treatment progress. Format of SOAP Notes: Keeping SOAP Notes: SOAP notes should be kept for each hydrotherapy session and should include: SOAP notes should be well-organised, legible, and kept securely in a […]
Professional Obligations Of Patient Care
Veterinary Referrals: Veterinary referral is a crucial step in ensuring safe and effective hydrotherapy treatment for canine patients. The primary reasons for requiring a veterinary referral are: Legal Implications: In the UK, hydrotherapy for animals is governed by the Veterinary Surgery (Exemptions) Order 1962. This legislation states that hydrotherapy for animals is considered a “surgical […]
Design and positioning of Hydrotherapy Suites
Good design and positioning of hydrotherapy pools and water treadmills are crucial to ensuring safe, effective, and efficient treatment: Safety: Proper pool and treadmill design should include non-slip surfaces, smooth edges, and secure entry/exit points to minimise the risk of accidents or injuries. Accessibility: Pools and treadmills should be easily accessible for dogs of all […]
Large Pools vs Small Pools
Large pools are ideal for dogs capable of swimming and for those requiring high-intensity exercises, especially for rehabilitation after surgeries or injuries. Smaller pools are well-suited for patients with mobility challenges or those requiring targeted limb exercises. The size of the pool should be chosen based on the dog’s size, mobility, and specific therapeutic goals. […]