In hydrotherapy for small animals, a specific set of terms is used to describe various aspects of movement, body positioning, and therapeutic actions performed during treatment. Understanding this terminology is crucial for hydrotherapists to accurately assess and address the needs of their patients.
Limb Movement Terminology
Lateral Rotation:
Refers to the movement of the hip or shoulder away from the midline during the swing phase of movement.
Medial Rotation:
The opposite of lateral rotation, it denotes the movement of the hip or shoulder toward the midline during the swing phase.
Paw Positioning Terminology
Pronation:
The position of the paw facing away from the body.
Supination:
The position of the paw facing toward the midline.
Limb Placement Terminology
Adduction:
The limb is placed closer to the midline during a neutral stance.
Abduction:
The limb is positioned away from the midline during a neutral stance.
Stance Terminology
Wide Stance/Base:
When a patient adopts a stance with limbs positioned more towards the midline, indicating adduction or abduction.
Narrow Stance/Base:
A stance where the limbs are closer to the body midline during a neutral stance.
Range of Motion Terminology
Flexion/Protraction:
Describes the closing of a joint, like the forward motion of a hindlimb during hip flexion.
Extension/Retraction:
Refers to the opening of a joint, such as the forward motion of a forelimb during shoulder extension.
Excessive Range of Motion Terminology
Hyperflexion:
When a patient’s range of motion exceeds the normal angle for a joint during flexion.
Hyperextension:
Similar to hyperflexion, but occurring during extension.
Range of Motion Considerations
The patient’s confirmation and condition must be considered since the expected range of motion can vary between individuals.
Joint Movement Description
Thoracic Limb:
Refers to the forelimb.
Pelvic Limb:
Denotes the hindlimb.
Observations of the Spine
Topline:
Describes the alignment of the spine, which should be straight.
Lordosis:
When the thoracic region of the spine appears sunken compared to the rest of the topline.
Kyphosis:
A term used when the thoracic into lumbar region of the spine appears arched.
Abnormal Gait Terminology
Double Stepping:
Occurs when a patient takes two strides with one set of limbs while the other set takes only one stride.
Short/Choppy Stride:
A compensatory technique where a patient exhibits minimal range of motion through their joints.
Weight Bearing Terminology
Offloading:
Describes how the patient reduces weight-bearing on specific limbs.
Overloading:
Refers to increased weight-bearing on certain limbs.
By using this specialised veterinary terminology, practitioners can effectively communicate and tailor treatment plans to address the unique needs of small animal patients. It allows for precise assessment and therapeutic interventions to improve mobility, function, and overall well-being.